What are Pathogens? Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease. The main types are: Bacteria - Single-celled organisms that reproduce rapidly Viruses -...
What are Pathogens?
Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause disease. The main types are:
Bacteria - Single-celled organisms that reproduce rapidly
Viruses - Non-living particles that invade host cells
Fungi - Multi-celled organisms like yeasts and molds
Protists - Single-celled organisms like plasmodium (malaria)
How Pathogens Spread
Pathogens can spread in various ways:
Direct contact with infected individuals or surfaces
Through contaminated food, water, or animal vectors
White blood cells destroy pathogens by phagocytosis
Lymphocytes produce antibodies that bind to antigens
Memory cells retain pathogen information for future attacks
Vaccination and Antibiotic Resistance
Vaccinations expose the body to inactive forms of a pathogen, allowing it to develop immunity safely. However, overuse of antibiotics has led to antibiotic resistance in bacteria, making infections harder to treat.
Plant Diseases Example
Plants also face pathogens like fungi, bacteria, and viruses that can cause diseases like blight, rusts, and mosaic viruses. These can devastate crop yields.
By understanding pathogens and the immune system, we can develop better prevention and treatment strategies against infectious diseases.