"GCSE Biology Revision: Ecology and the Environment—Exploring Ecosystems and Biodiversity"

Understanding Ecosystems

Ecosystems are communities of living organisms interacting with their physical environment. They can vary greatly in size and can be as small as a pond or as large as a forest. Key components of ecosystems include:

• Biotic factors: These are the living parts of an ecosystem, such as plants, animals, and microorganisms.
• Abiotic factors: These are the non-living parts, including sunlight, temperature, and water.

Types of Ecosystems

Ecosystems can be classified into various types, such as:

• Terrestrial ecosystems: Forests, grasslands, and deserts.
• Aquatic ecosystems: Freshwater (lakes and rivers) and marine (oceans and seas).

Biodiversity and Its Importance

Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem. It is crucial for the stability and resilience of ecosystems. High biodiversity increases ecosystem productivity and resilience to environmental changes.

Threats to Biodiversity

Several factors threaten biodiversity, including:

• Habitat destruction: Deforestation and urbanization reduce natural habitats.
• Pollution: Contaminants can harm or kill species.
• Climate change: Alters habitats and affects species survival.

Conservation Efforts

Conservation efforts aim to protect and restore biodiversity. Strategies include:

• Protected areas: Establishing national parks and reserves.
• Legislation: Enforcing laws to protect endangered species.
• Restoration projects: Rehabilitating damaged ecosystems.

Understanding and preserving ecosystems and biodiversity is essential for maintaining the health of our planet and ensuring the survival of future generations.