11-Plus Non-Verbal Reasoning: Differences

Understanding Differences in Non-Verbal Reasoning

In 11-plus non-verbal reasoning, students are tasked with identifying how shapes within a group differ systematically. This skill is crucial for developing visual problem-solving abilities and spatial awareness.

Identifying Systematic Differences

Students must analyze a set of shapes and determine which property changes across the group. Common properties to consider include:

• Number of Sides: Shapes may vary by the number of sides, such as moving from a triangle to a square.
• Shading Patterns: Shapes might alternate between shaded and unshaded areas.
• Rotation: Shapes could be presented in different orientations, requiring students to recognize the pattern of rotation.

Predicting Variations

Once students identify the systematic differences, they can predict the next variation in the sequence. For example, if the shapes are increasing in the number of sides, the next shape in the series might be a pentagon following a square.

Identifying Anomalies

In some cases, students may encounter an anomaly—a shape that does not fit the established pattern. Recognizing these anomalies is essential for accurate reasoning and problem-solving. For instance, if a sequence of shapes is based on increasing sides but includes a circle, students must identify that the circle is the anomaly.

Worked Example

Problem: Consider the following shapes: a triangle, a square, and a pentagon. Which shape comes next?

Solution:

• The shapes are increasing in the number of sides: 3 (triangle), 4 (square), and 5 (pentagon).
• The next shape should logically be a hexagon, which has 6 sides.

By mastering the identification of differences in shapes, students enhance their non-verbal reasoning skills, preparing them effectively for the 11-plus entrance exam.